Physical Disabilities
On the topic of Physical Disabilities, Abir Hamdar articulates in her book (The Female Suffering Body: Illness and Disability in Modern Arabic Literature (2014)) that the female illness and disability has three functions in modern Arabic literature: a site for narrative sin and redemption; a representation of political and national ideologies; and, as a tool for the affirmation of patriarchal ideologies (p. 25). She also notes that since the 2000s several novels start to represent the female disability by showing the female suffering in all its complexities instead of silencing it or making it a symbol of the collective body of the nation (p. 123).